Fonó submitted his invention to the Austro-Hungarian Army, but the proposal was rejected. In 1915, Hungarian inventor Albert Fonó devised a solution for increasing the range of artillery, comprising a gun-launched projectile which was to be united with a ramjet propulsion unit, thus giving a long range from relatively low muzzle velocities, allowing heavy shells to be fired from relatively lightweight guns. His patent FR290356 showed a piston internal combustion engine with added 'trumpets' as exhaust nozzles. Attempts to build a prototype failed due to inadequate materials. The ramjet was conceived in 1913 by French inventor René Lorin, who was granted a patent for his device. Arthur C Clarke credited this book with conceiving of the ramjet, and being the first fictional example of a rocket-powered space flight. L'Autre Monde: ou les États et Empires de la Lune ( Comical History of the States and Empires of the Moon) (1657) was the first of three satirical novels written by Cyrano de Bergerac that are considered among the first science fiction stories. Ramjets differ from pulsejets, which use an intermittent combustion ramjets employ a continuous combustion process. They have also been used successfully, though not efficiently, as tip jets on the ends of helicopter rotors. At present weapon designers are investigating the use of ramjet technology in artillery shells to give added range a 120 mm mortar shell, if assisted by a ramjet, is thought to be able to attain a range of 35 km (22 mi). The US, Canada, and UK had widespread ramjet powered missile defenses during the 1960s onward, such as the CIM-10 Bomarc and Bloodhound. Ramjets can be particularly useful in applications requiring a small and simple mechanism for high-speed use, such as missiles. Ramjets work most efficiently at supersonic speeds around Mach 3 (2,300 mph 3,700 km/h) and can operate up to speeds of Mach 6 (4,600 mph 7,400 km/h). Since it produces no thrust when stationary (as there is no ram air), ramjet-powered vehicles require an assisted take-off like a rocket assist to accelerate it to a speed where it begins to produce thrust. A ramjet, is a form of airbreathing jet engine that uses the forward motion of the engine to take in air for combustion that produces jet thrust.
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